Obstacles to the Development of Science and Technology in Indonesia During the Old Order and New Order: Is it Because of the Education Factor?

Abstract

The acceleration of research and technology development in Indonesia is urgent because technological advances play a significant role in changing industrial structures and global competition. The solutions to research and technology problems in Indonesia during Indonesian history are to build an agency or institution. This paper describes the relationship between political, social, and economic factors that influence the development of science and technology in Indonesia. The research approach used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) which describes the writings of various experts (history, sociology, economics, and politics) that examine the factors causing the stagnant development of science in Indonesia. Searching the various kinds of literature shows the complexity and interconnectedness of various factors inhibiting technological progress in Indonesia. The unclear state planning further exacerbated these various factors in technology development during the Old Order and New Order eras.