Natural Language Processing in School Management: A Systematic Literature Review Towards Developing an Adaptive Smart-Coaching Framework

Abstract

The application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in school management has become a revolutionary technique, particularly in elementary school administration. Even so, the number of frameworks that can integrate NLP capabilities with adaptive coaching systems specifically designed for improving school management effectiveness is still very limited. A literature review is conducted to map current research trends, identify thematic clusters, and synthesize existing knowledge towards developing an Adaptive Smart-Coaching Framework using NLP. The visualization of keyword co-occurrence networks from 847 relevant articles published between 2020 and 2025 is achieved through bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer. Three research clusters were identified: (1) core NLP technologies, such as LLM, BERT, transfer learning, and text classification; (2) social and educational AI systems; and (3) human-centered dimensions of learning and behavior. Despite its extensive use in healthcare and social media, the study suggests that NLP's application in elementary school management is still an unexplored field. This review of keyword co-occurrence networks from 847 relevant sources employs four components to aid principals in managerial decision-making, communication, staff development, and organizational effectiveness.