The International Conference on Primary and Physical Education
The International Conference on Primary and Physical Education (ICOPED) is a prestigious international academic forum that brings together scholars, educators, policymakers, and practitioners from around the world. The conference serves as a platform for exchanging research findings, innovative practices, and visionary strategies at the critical intersection of primary education, physical education, and global citizenship
THE EFFECT OF THE ADAPTIVE FREESTYLE SWIMMING LEARNING MODEL ON INCREASING SELF-CONFIDENCE IN VISUAL IMPAIRMENT STUDENTS
This study aims to examine the effect of the adaptive freestyle swimming learning model on increasing self-confidence in visual impairment students. The study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design in the form of a one-group pretest-posttest design. The process validation instrument included experts in disability sports, adaptive physical education, educational psychology, and educational evaluation. A total of 46 respondents participated in the instrument validity and reliability testing phase, while 8 visual impairment students participated in the treatment phase. The research instrument consisted of a self-confidence questionnaire using a 5-level Likert scale. Construct validity was tested using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation, while reliability testing using Cronbach's Alpha showed high reliability (α = 0.913). The learning program was implemented over 18 sessions. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk test and a paired-sample t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics. The results showed a significant increase in student self-confidence after the treatment (p < 0.05). The average N-Gain value for self-confidence (0.396) was in the moderate category. These findings indicate that the adaptive freestyle swimming learning model is quite effective in increasing the self-confidence of students with visual impairments. This study emphasizes the importance of a structured, adaptive, physical education program in supporting the psychological development of students with disabilities.
Natural Language Processing in School Management: A Systematic Literature Review Towards Developing an Adaptive Smart-Coaching Framework
The application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in school management has become a revolutionary technique, particularly in elementary school administration. Even so, the number of frameworks that can integrate NLP capabilities with adaptive coaching systems specifically designed for improving school management effectiveness is still very limited. A literature review is conducted to map current research trends, identify thematic clusters, and synthesize existing knowledge towards developing an Adaptive Smart-Coaching Framework using NLP. The visualization of keyword co-occurrence networks from 847 relevant articles published between 2020 and 2025 is achieved through bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer. Three research clusters were identified: (1) core NLP technologies, such as LLM, BERT, transfer learning, and text classification; (2) social and educational AI systems; and (3) human-centered dimensions of learning and behavior. Despite its extensive use in healthcare and social media, the study suggests that NLP's application in elementary school management is still an unexplored field. This review of keyword co-occurrence networks from 847 relevant sources employs four components to aid principals in managerial decision-making, communication, staff development, and organizational effectiveness.
SUNDAQU: A Web-Based PAI Platform Embedding Sundanese Wisdom for Religious Literacy and Character
This study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) aimed at examining the scientific foundations for developing a web-based Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning platform embedded with Sundanese local wisdom, referred to as SUNDAQU, to strengthen the religious literacy and character of elementary school students. The SLR method follows the PRISMA protocol (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) using the Scopus, Google Scholar, and SINTA-indexed national journal portal databases. The literature search was conducted for the period 2014–2024 using relevant keywords in Indonesian and English. Of 187 identified articles, 35 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically. The findings indicate that: (1) web based technology platforms are effective in enhancing student engagement and comprehension in PAI learning; (2) integration of Sundanese local wisdom into educational curricula strengthens students' character values and cultural identity; (3) religious literacy of elementary school students requires a contextual approach relevant to their local cultural background; and (4) the development of digital learning media embedded with local culture remains a significant research gap. These findings serve as a conceptual foundation for developing the SUNDAQU platform, which integrates Islamic values with the philosophy of Sundanese community life in a digital learning ecosystem.
ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY-SUPPORTED PEDAGOGICAL INNOVATION ON STUDENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AWARENESS
This study examines the impact of technology supported pedagogical innovation on student’s awareness of sustainable development through a literature review approach. The increasing urgency of global sustainability challenges highlights the need for transformative educational practices that integrate digital technologies with innovative pedagogy. Therefore, this research aims to synthesize and analyze existing scholarly works to understand how technology enhanced learning strategies influence student’s knowledge, attitudes, and awareness of sustainable development concepts. The study employs a qualitative literature review method by analyzing relevant academic sources, including peer reviewed journal articles, books, and reports related to technology integration and education for sustainable development. The data were collected through systematic identification, selection,and evaluation of literature, followed by thematic analysis to identify key patterns and findings across studies. The results of the review indicate that technology supported pedagogical innovation significantly contributes to enhancing student’s awareness and engagement with sustainable development issues. Various digital tools and innovative teaching approaches such as interactive learning platforms, multimedia resources, and collaborative online environments have been shown to improve conceptual understanding and foster critical thinking related to sustainability. In conclusion, the integration of technology with innovative pedagogical practices plays a vital role in advancing education for sustainable development. The findings suggest that educators and institutions should adopt and adapt technology enhanced pedagogies to create more effective and meaningful learning experiences that support sustainability awareness.
THE POLITENESS OF LOVE EXPRESSION IN IRANIAN CINEMA
This study explores the aesthetics of the representation of love in Iranian cinema through a qualitative approach with a hermeneutic phenomenological design. This approach is used to understand the essence of the characters' lived experiences related to love, devotion, and domestic resilience as reconstructed visually and narratively on screen. The research subjects were determined incidentally on the basis of thematic relevance to the representation of Eastern humanism, comprising five Iranian films and television series: Baran (2001), The Story of the Prophet Joseph, Mukhtar Tsaqafi (Mokhtarnameh), Pedar (1996), and The Song of Sparrows (2008). The diversity of genres—from social realism to historical-religious epic— enabled a cross-genre analysis to demonstrate the consistency of the aesthetics of silent love in Iranian cinema. Data were collected through repeated and immersive audiovisual viewing, the recording of key scenes, and thematic categorisation. Data trustworthiness was ensured through investigator triangulation. The findings reveal that love in Iranian cinema is expressed through minimalist gestures, subtle subtext, silence, and concrete action—rather than explicit physical contact or dramatic verbal declaration. The strength of the love narrative lies precisely in what is left unsaid: empty space, silence, and ethical decorum that paradoxically convey a moral message and emotional resonance more profound than vulgar depiction.
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APPLICATION OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR) AND MASS SPECTROMETRY IN IDENTIFICATION OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical foundations of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS), two advanced spectroscopic technologies widely used in determining the molecular structure and characteristics of chemical compounds. NMR spectroscopy provides detailed information about interatomic bonds, configuration, and conformations through the response of the nuclear environment in a molecule to electromagnetic resonance. MS technology allows for the identification of structural components of a compound through high-precision measurement of molecular mass and fragmentation analysis. The article justifies the use of these methods not only theoretically, but also in practical areas such as pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, bioanalytics, and environmental monitoring. Current research conducted in Uzbekistan and the international scientific community, existing technological capabilities in national laboratories, and promising areas are also discussed. The results of the analysis show that the combined use of NMR and MS technologies dramatically increases the efficiency of complex analysis and ensures the highest level of reliability in the identification of chemical compounds.
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)
INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE IN THE DIGITAL AGE THROUGH BRAIN-TARGETED TEACHING AND THE READI FRAMEWORK: A CONCEPTUAL APPLICATION IN BIOLOGY EDUCATION
Background: The growing interconnectedness of global education systems, accelerated by digital technologies, demands pedagogical frameworks that simultaneously address cognitive learning outcomes and intercultural competence (IC). Biology education, as a discipline that crosses cultural and national boundaries, presents a unique opportunity to embed IC within science instruction. Purpose: This paper proposes a conceptual integration of Brain-Targeted Teaching (BTT) (Hardiman, 2012, 2025) and the READI instructional framework (Iswara & Supriyadi, 2026) as complementary tools for fostering intercultural competence in digital-age biology classrooms, with particular reference to secondary school contexts in Iraq. Approach: A conceptual analysis was conducted drawing on established frameworks of intercultural competence (Deardorff, 2006; Byram, 1997), neuroscience-informed pedagogy (Hardiman, 2012), and the READI model's five instructional phases. Conceptual Contribution: The paper demonstrates that each READI phase — Recognition, Engagement, Application, Development, and Integration — provides natural pedagogical opportunities to develop students' intercultural knowledge, skills, and attitudes. When amplified by BTT's six brain targets, these opportunities become neurologically grounded, emotionally resonant, and culturally expansive. Conclusion: The READI-BTT integration offers a scalable, evidence-informed approach to embedding intercultural competence within biology instruction.
DEVELOPING MOTHER TONGUE LESSONS IN PRIMARY EDUCATION BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES
This article analyzes the improvement of mother tongue teaching in primary education based on digital technologies. The impact of digital tools on students' speech development, reading literacy, and independent thinking skills is scientifically substantiated. The study demonstrates that the integration of multimedia resources, interactive platforms, and electronic educational materials into mother tongue lessons significantly increases the effectiveness of the educational process. Results show improvements in students' reading fluency, vocabulary expansion, and written expression skills. The article also identifies challenges related to technical infrastructure, teacher digital competence, and the need for quality electronic resources. Recommendations are provided for the effective and systematic integration of digital technologies into primary mother tongue instruction.
21st Century Digital Literacy Transformation: The Role of Generation Z Teachers and Artificial Intelligence Technology in Improving the Quality of Student Learning
The development of 21st-century digital literacy demands that the world of education adapt to increasingly rapid technological changes, particularly through the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the learning process. This study aims to analyze the role of Generation Z teachers and artificial intelligence technology in improving the quality of student learning in the digital era. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a literature study (library research) through the analysis of various scientific journals, books, and relevant academic sources regarding digital literacy, the characteristics of Generation Z teachers, and the implementation of AI in education. The results show that Generation Z teachers have a high technological adaptability, are creative, and innovative in utilizing digital platforms and AI technology to create interactive, collaborative, and student-centered learning. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence technology can help personalize learning, increase the effectiveness of evaluation, and expand access to information and learning resources. However, challenges such as the gap in technology access, unequal digital competencies, and the ethics of AI use remain concerns in its implementation. This study concludes that the synergy between Generation Z teachers and artificial intelligence technology plays a crucial role in supporting digital literacy transformation and improving the quality of student learning effectively and sustainably in the modern education era..
ENHANCING UNDERSTANDING OF LOCAL WISDOM AND SOCIAL ISSUES THROUGH AI AND EDUCATIONAL APPLICATIONS
Local wisdom-based learning plays a significant role in strengthening students’ cultural identity, social awareness, and critical understanding of contemporary societal issues. In the digital era, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and educational applications offers innovative opportunities to create interactive, contextual, and student-centered learning environments. This study aims to examine the contribution of AI and educational applications in enhancing students’ understanding of local wisdom and social issues through a literature review approach. Data were collected from recent national and international scholarly articles discussing AI integration, digital learning media, and culturally responsive education. The findings indicate that AI-supported educational applications improve student engagement, conceptual comprehension, critical thinking, and collaborative learning experiences. Furthermore, these technologies facilitate access to contextual learning resources that connect local cultural values with real social problems encountered in everyday life. However, several challenges remain, including unequal technological access, limited teacher digital competence, and the need for culturally relevant and high-quality learning content. The study concludes that AI and educational applications have strong potential to support meaningful local wisdom-based learning and social issue education. Effective implementation requires adequate technological infrastructure, teacher professional development, and the development of adaptive and culturally responsive digital learning materials.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: THE CHANGING ROLE OF TEACHERS
The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly transformed the educational landscape, creating new opportunities for inclusive education. Modern digital tools, assistive technologies, and online learning platforms enable learners with diverse educational needs to access quality education and participate actively in the learning process. In this context, the role of teachers is evolving from traditional knowledge transmitters to facilitators, mentors, and coordinators of personalized learning experiences. This article examines the impact of digital transformation on inclusive education and highlights the changing responsibilities, competencies, and professional requirements of teachers in digital learning environments. The study emphasizes the importance of digital literacy, accessibility, and innovative pedagogical approaches in ensuring equal educational opportunities for all learners.
DIGITAL SERVICE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AT DISPORA JABAR: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Digital transformation has emerged as a central priority in local government reform across Indonesia, yet its application within regional youth and sports agencies remains largely unexamined. This study investigates how the West Java Youth and Sports Agency (Dispora Jabar) has implemented digital service policies, with particular attention to the types of services established, the outcomes generated for the public and sports stakeholders, the structural barriers encountered, and strategic directions for advancing digital sport governance. The study adopts a qualitative approach grounded in systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, supplemented by public document analysis. Literature was gathered from three databases — Google Scholar, Garuda, and Scopus — covering the period 2015 to 2026, with 20 sources selected after applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thematic analysis was conducted across three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, and cross-source verification was applied to strengthen validity. Findings indicate that Dispora Jabar operates three core digital services: SIKASEPORA for online sports facility reservations, an official website functioning as a public information portal, and social media platforms serving as interactive communication channels. These services contribute meaningfully to service efficiency, governance transparency, and youth engagement. Nonetheless, three persistent constraints were identified: insufficient digital competency among civil servants, uneven technological infrastructure across regions, and fragmented system integration within the broader Jabar Digital Service ecosystem. The study concludes with evidence-based recommendations spanning human resource development, system integration, mobile accessibility, and continuous performance evaluation.
DEVELOPMENT OF STORYTELLING–WRITE MESSAGE– REINFORCEMENT (SWR) LEARNING MODEL IN CULTIVATING SOCIAL CARE CHARACTER OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Character education constitutes an essential and inseparable component of national education. The rapid advancement of digital technology and globalization has contributed to a decline in social concern, empathy, and cooperative behavior among elementary school students, thereby necessitating innovative character education approaches. This study aimed to develop the Storytelling–Write Message–Reinforcement (SWR) learning model to foster social care character among elementary school students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE development model, encompassing the stages of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The study involved 75 fifth-grade students from three public elementary schools in two districts of West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected through observations, interviews, questionnaires, reflective writing analyses, documentation, and expert validation sheets. The findings revealed that the SWR learning model achieved a high level of validity, with an average validation score of 80.8%, indicating feasibility for implementation. Practicality testing demonstrated positive responses from both teachers and students, with an average score of 91.2%. Effectiveness testing indicated a significant improvement in students' social care character, with the average pretest score increasing from 68.3 to 87.3 in the posttest. Students exhibited enhanced empathy, cooperation, helping behavior, responsibility, and social sensitivity. Therefore, the SWR learning model can serve as an innovative and effective pedagogical alternative for strengthening character education in elementary schools.
INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY IN 21ST CENTURY LEARNING : A PEDAGOGICAL TRANSFORMATION FOR THE DIGITAL GENERATION (ELEMENTARY SCHOOL)
This study examines the integration of technology in 21st-century learning in elementary schools, with a focus on pedagogical transformation in the digital era. The rapid development of digital technology has significantly changed educational practices, requiring teachers to adapt to more innovative and student-centered learning approaches. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role, impact, and challenges of technology integration in elementary education. This research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA framework to identify, select, and synthesize relevant articles from Google Scholar, Publish or Perish, and SINTA databases published between 2021 and 2026. A total of 20 selected articles were analyzed. The findings indicate that technology enhances students’ motivation, engagement, and conceptual understanding, while also transforming teachers’ roles into facilitators of learning. However, challenges such as limited digital competence and infrastructure gaps remain significant. In conclusion, successful technology integrationdepends on teacher readiness and institutional support.
AN INNOVATIVE METHODOLOGY FOR ATTRACTING YOUTH FROM VIRTUAL SPORTS TO REAL SPORTS THROUGH MEDIA SPORT TECHNOLOGIES
This article scientifically analyzes innovative methods of engaging young people in real sports activities through modern digital technologies and media sports tools. Today, a large proportion of adolescents are increasingly interested in virtual games, mobile applications, and digital platforms, which has led to a decline in their physical activity levels. The main objective of the study was to increase students’ motivation toward sports by integrating media sport technologies into physical education and sports training programs. The research employed pedagogical observation, experimental testing, questionnaires, and statistical analysis methods, involving students aged 14–16. The findings revealed that combining virtual and real sports elements significantly enhances students’ physical activity, interest in sports, endurance, and social engagement. Gamification, virtual reality (VR) sports training, and media challenge approaches positively influenced adolescents’ regular participation in sports activities. The article highlights the pedagogical potential of media sports, their impact on youth psychology, and modern approaches to sports training. The results are recommended for application in general secondary schools, sports clubs, and youth centers.
DEVELOPING PEDAGOGICAL ABILITIES IN PRIMARY EDUCATION STUDENTS
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of the formation and development of pedagogical abilities in students studying in the field of primary education. The essence of the concept of pedagogical abilities, its structural components, and factors of development in the educational process are scientifically covered. Effective methods and technologies that serve the development of pedagogical abilities are considered. According to the results of the study, it was determined that interactive methods, a reflective approach, and practical exercises play a high role in the development of pedagogical abilities in students. The conclusions and recommendations put forward in the article are of great importance in improving the quality of primary education.
FROM TEACHING TO INSPIRING: THE EVOLVING ROLE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN CONTEMPORARY EDUCATION
This study was motivated by the changing role of elementary school teachers in the 21st century, which requires teachers not only to deliver learning materials but also to act as facilitators, motivators, and sources of inspiration for students. The study aims to examine the transformation of teachers’ roles, identify the characteristics of inspirational teachers, explore current research trends, and analyze the challenges faced in contemporary learning environments. This research employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method using the PRISMA framework. Data were collected from scientific articles published between 2021 and 2025 through the stages of identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion. The findings reveal that the role of teachers has shifted toward more active, creative, and student-centered learning practices. However, studies focusing on the humanistic dimensions of teachers remain limited, as most research emphasizes pedagogical and technological aspects. Several challenges were also identified, including inadequate digital competencies, increasing administrative demands, and learning practices that continue to prioritize cognitive achievement over holistic student development. The study concludes that transforming teachers into inspirational figures requires strengthening professional competencies, fostering supportive school environments, and promoting a more humanistic and student- centered approach to learning.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, SPORTS, AND HEALTH (PJOK) LEARNING METHODS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL: TEACHERS’ AND PRINCIPALS’ PERSPECTIVES
This study aims to describe the implementation of Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK) learning methods in primary school from the perspectives of PJOK teachers and school principals. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. The research subjects were the PJOK teacher and the school principal at SD Negeri Cikahuripan, Cimanggung District, Sumedang Regency. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and were analysed qualitatively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, supported by data visualisations in the form of a word cloud, a hierarchy chart, and an explore diagram. The findings show that the implementation of PJOK learning methods has been carried out by prioritising a student-centred approach oriented toward learners’ needs. The PJOK teacher played an active role in lesson planning, the selection of learning strategies, student guidance, and classroom management, while the learning methods used were adapted to the characteristics of the learners and the condition of the school’s facilities and infrastructure. In addition, the principal’s support through policy, school management, and the provision of facilities emerged as an important factor determining the success of implementation. These findings confirm that the success of PJOK learning in primary school results from the synergy between the pedagogical role of the PJOK teacher and the managerial role of the school principal. The study is expected to serve as a reference for developing contextual, adaptive, and sustainable PJOK learning in primary school.
DEVELOPMENT OF A CIRCUIT TRAINING MODEL TO INCREASE MUSCULAR ENDURANCE IN ARCHERY ATHLETES
Archery performance requires stable posture, consistent bow pulling, and sustained concentration during repeated shots. However, physical conditioning programs in archery are often less systematic and insufficiently specific to the muscular endurance demands of the sport. This study aimed to develop and examine the effectiveness of a circuit training model designed to improve muscular endurance in archery athletes. The study used a Research and Development approach adapted from Borg and Gall, combined with a pretest-posttest control group design. Forty junior and senior archery athletes were selected through purposive sampling and divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 20 athletes in each group. The experimental group ollowed an eight weekcircuit training program, three sessions per week, consisting of eight exercise stations performed for 40 seconds with 20 seconds of rest between stations, while the control group continued conventional training. Data were collected using muscular endurance tests, including push-up, isometric bow hold, plank endurance, and archery accuracy tests. Data analysis included normality, homogeneity, paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, and effect size. The results showed that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Descriptive statistics indicated an increase in the mean score from 62.90 to 82.45. The paired sample t-test showed a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores (p < 0.001). Findings indicate that the developed circuit training model is effective and can be applied by coaches to improve muscular endurance in archery athletes.
THE EFFECT OF ILLINOIS TRAINING ON THE AGILITY OF BADMINTON PLAYERS AGED 8–14 YEARS
Agility is one of the physical fitness components that is highly important in badminton as it affects the player’s ability to move quickly, change direction, and respond to shuttlecock movement effectively. In the age range of 8–14 years, agility development is an important factor in supporting improvement in playing skills and sports achievement. This study aims to determine the effect of Illinois training on agility in badminton players aged 8–14 years. The method used is experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. Research subjects are badminton players aged 8–14 years who will be given an Illinois training program for a certain period. Agility level measurement will be conducted using the Illinois Agility Test before and after the treatment. Data obtained will be analyzed using appropriate statistical tests to determine differences in agility levels before and after training. The results of this study are expected to provide information on the effectiveness of Illinois training in improving the agility of young badminton players and serve as a reference for coaches in designing appropriate training programs.
APPLICATION OF HANGING BALL MEDIA TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF VOLLEYBALL UNDERHAND PASSING
Underhand passing is a fundamental technique of great importance in volleyball, yet it frequently remains a weakness among students in physical education learning. Common problems identified include improper body positioning, inconsistent ball contact, and low control and accuracy in passing. The hanging ball medium is proposed as an alternative to address these issues, enabling students to practice repeatedly with focus on technical movement without distraction from the ball's incoming direction. This study systematically examines the effectiveness of hanging ball media in improving volleyball underhand passing quality through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. Articles from various scientific sources were analyzed to identify improvements in underhand passing technique aspects. The results show that the use of hanging ball media has a positive impact on improving basic technique, particularly in body position, ball contact on the forearm, body balance, and control of passing direction. Additionally, practice with hanging ball media helps students improve passing consistency and accuracy through a gradual and structured learning process. Overall, the application of hanging ball media is proven effective as both a learning and training medium for volleyball underhand passing.
THE EFFECT OF RESISTANCE BAND WEIGHT TRAINING ON EXPLOSIVE POWER IN TAEKWONDO KICKS
Leg muscle explosive power is one of the physical components that plays an important role in supporting kicking ability in taekwondo athletes. The ability to produce fast and powerful kicks is essential for scoring points in competition. Resistance band weight training is one of the training methods that can be used to improve explosive power. This study aims to determine the effect of resistance band weight training on kicking explosive power in taekwondo athletes. This study uses a quantitative method with an experimental approach and a One Group Pretest- Posttest Design. The research sample consists of taekwondo athletes selected using purposive sampling. The treatment involves resistance band training for a determined training period. Data collection is carried out through kicking explosive power tests before and after treatment. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and Paired Sample t-Test at a significance level of 0.05. The research results are expected to provide information on the effectiveness of resistance band training in improving the kicking explosive power of taekwondo athletes and serve as a reference for coaches in developing more effective training programs.