THE IMPACT OF MINING DOWNSTREAMING ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT: A PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION BASED ON THE PRISM METHOD

Abstract

Mining downstreaming in Indonesia aims to add value to mineral resources, reduce raw material exports, and strengthen the national industry. This policy faces several challenges, such as environmental impacts, global trade pressures, capital constraints, and dependence on foreign technology. This research looks at the impact of downstream mining on economic growth and the environment, as well as the role of universities in supporting sustainable economic change. The method used is PRISMA-based Systematic Literature Review (SLR), by reviewing studies from SINTA published between 2020 and 2025. This research covers economic, environmental, and higher education policy aspects. The results show that downstream mining increases investment, exports of processed products, and employment. However, there are challenges such as international trade pressure, foreign technology dependence, and environmental damage. In conclusion, downstream mining contributes to economic growth. However, sustainable policies are needed that balance the interests of industry, environmental protection, and an increased role for academia in developing research-based technologies and policies.