ANALYSIS OF PERPETRATORS' PROFILES AND MEDIAN LOSS FOR FRAUD PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between perpetrator profiles and the magnitude of median losses to strengthen fraud prevention efforts. Using a Narrative Literature Review approach, data were obtained from ACFE reports and previous studies. The analysis includes variables such as position, tenure, department, gender, age, education, and collusion. The findings indicate that fraud is most frequently committed by employees with 1–5 years of tenure, in accounting departments, by males aged 41-45, holding a university degree, and acting alone (without collusion). Conversely, when considering the magnitude of losses, perpetrators who cause significant damage are typically those in executive positions, with more than 10 years of tenure, from executive departments, male, over 60 years old, holding a postgraduate degree, and involved in collusion. Fraud prevention strategies include rigorous selection processes, proactive auditing, a reward and punishment system, effective leadership, the implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), strong internal controls, balanced power structures, risk management, fraud awareness training, and collusion prevention measures.