Implementation of Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s Thought to Improve School Principals’ Managerial Competence: A Critical Study

Abstract

Ki Hadjar Dewantara’s educational philosophy provides a foundational framework for enhancing school leadership and managerial competence through a balanced approach known as the “Among system,” which emphasizes leading by example, motivation, and supportive guidance. This study explores the practical application of Dewantara’s philosophy in contemporary school leadership, particularly focusing on its alignment with transformational and servant leadership models. Using a qualitative review of empirical studies and case examples, the research examines how principals integrate Dewantara’s emphasis on holistic development, cultural relevance, and humanism into school environments that foster academic achievement alongside moral and social growth. Findings reveal that culturally grounded leadership, characterized by empathy, collaboration, and community engagement, enhances student-centered learning and autonomy. However, the full realization of Dewantara’s vision is often challenged by cultural, institutional, and resource limitations, highlighting the need for supportive policies and ongoing professional development. The discussion underscores that embedding Dewantara’s principles in leadership training fosters resilient and ethically grounded educational communities. In conclusion, Dewantara’s philosophy remains highly relevant in today’s educational landscape, promoting leadership that balances guidance, respect, and support to nurture well-rounded students capable of facing future challenges.