Policy Analysis of Purwakarta's State Defense Character Reinforcement Training: Applying the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Framework

Abstract

The alarming increase in juvenile delinquency, such as bullying, student brawls, and drug abuse in Purwakarta Regency, constitutes a critical social phenomenon that necessitates an immediate governmental response. This situation highlights the urgency of implementing effective character education initiatives. In response, the local government introduced the “State Defense Character Reinforcement Training,” commonly referred to as the “Military Barracks” program. However, the adoption of a semi-military training model has generated substantial public and academic debate regarding its compatibility with humanistic educational principles and the protection of children’s rights. This study aims to analyze comprehensively the formulation, content, implementation, and overall effectiveness of the State Defense Character Reinforcement Training policy in Purwakarta Regency, particularly in assessing whether the program contributes to sustainable behavioral change while remaining consistent with educational and child protection principles. This research employs a qualitative policy analysis design using a case study approach. Data were collected through document analysis of official regulations and cooperation agreements, documentation of program implementation, field observations, and semi-structured interviews with policymakers, implementers, and participating students. The analytical framework integrates comprehensive policy analysis with the four-level Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model (Reaction, Learning, Behavior, and Results) to examine policy processes and outcomes. The findings indicate strong institutional and legal support for the program but reveal challenges in implementation, particularly in sustaining effective inter-organizational coordination and ensuring long-term behavioral impact. Accordingly, this study recommends structured coordination mechanisms and systematic long-term evaluation to ensure sustainable character development while maintaining adherence to humanistic values.