The Impact of Extended Reality Environmental Learning on Students’ Eco-Literacy: A Systematic Review

• Salma Fatimah

  Indonesia University of Education

  Author

• Khoiryah Nabila Putri

  Indonesia University of Education

  Author

• Ridha Hidayani

  Indonesia University of Education

  Author

Current environmental challenges such as climate change, pollution, and loss of biodiversity demonstrate the need for an educational approach that fosters deep understanding and sustainable behavior. Schools play a central role in developing ecological literacy, awareness, and environmental responsibility in students. This study aims to explore how the use of Extended Reality (XR) affects students' knowledge, attitudes, and behavior towards the environment, as well as to identify the types of Extended Reality technology that have been applied in environmental literacy education. The research method used was a Systematic Literature Review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzing 24 empirical articles published between 2020 and 2025 from Scopus and Google Scholar databases on the application of XR-based environmental learning at various educational levels. The results show that the integration of XR, particularly Virtual Reality (VR), can improve students' understanding of environmental concepts, empathy, and motivation to behave in an environmentally friendly manner. Augmented Reality (AR) is effective in supporting conceptual learning and increasing learning engagement, while 360° videos and serious games provide an interactive learning experience that is easily accessible to young learners. However, Mixed Reality (MR) remains under-explored, and most studies have not examined the long-term behavioral impact. Overall, XR-based learning not only improves cognitive and affective aspects but also encourages emotional connection and behavioral change towards nature. From the research results, it can be concluded that Extended Reality is a promising learning medium to strengthen students' environmental literacy and awareness. Further research is recommended to investigate the long-term impact of XR on real environmental actions and its application in the Indonesian educational context to make it more inclusive and sustainable.

• pdf